Speech :: essays research papers

pick up ladies and gentlemen to the biggest conference since July 4, 1776. I come to you today to inform you of a new relationship we have formed with our inhabit country Canada. Many of you know that experiments of clone have been becoming more and more elaborate with each year and some of you know that a quash of these experiments have been successful. I am here today to tell you that one of our neighboring countries have amend this process. We on the other hand have not. Canada perfected the entire process of cloning in 2047. Being the quiet peaceful country 52 years ago, the get together States government saw this new fellowship as no threat and mulish to keep the information from the American people. However, it has become a threat. One week ago, Canada sent cloned troops towards the United States in hopes to overthrow our government. American troops were too sent for retaliation. Unfortunately because the United States has not properly funded our cloning program over the past few decades, hopes of supremacy have diminished to very slenderize chances. Over the past few days, the Canadian clones have wiped out two-thirds of our American forces. Since every clone can be reproduced once destroyed, this battle has become an ineluctable loss to the United States. On this basis, the United States government and all officials with influence on our society have intractable to surrender to Canada so that no more lives will be lost. It is a sad day and probably the last of the United States of America. Under the terms unbending for surrender the adjoin between Alaska, Canada, and the United States shall be dropped. A new country shall be formed entitled UNITED CANADA. Clones have been enabled to use mortal(a) force to insure the protection of others so panicking will only insure ones death. Our economies will merge, as will our governmental systems. All risk-taking jobs shall be abolished and will be worked only by clones. Clones will become our new police force, firemen, armed forces, navy, army, National Guard, coast guard, marines, et cetera. The border between Canada and the United States is being removed as we speak and the border between all other countries and us has been closed. Canadians and Canadian clones are one their way south this very moment. gratify do not put up any resistance to this movement for already too many lives have been lost.Speech essays research papersWelcome ladies and gentlemen to the biggest conference since July 4, 1776. I come to you today to inform you of a new relationship we have formed with our neighboring country Canada. Many of you know that experiments of cloning have been becoming more and more elaborate with each year and some of you know that a number of these experiments have been successful. I am here today to tell you that one of our neighboring countries have perfected this process. We on the other hand have not. Canada perfected the entire process of cloning in 2047. Being the quiet peaceful country 52 years ago, the United States government saw this new knowledge as no threat and decided to keep the information from the American people. However, it has become a threat. One week ago, Canada sent cloned troops towards the United States in hopes to overthrow our government. American troops were also sent for retaliation. Unfortunately because the United States has not properly funded our cloning program over the past few decades, hopes of victory have diminished to very slim chances. Over the past few days, the Canadian clones have wiped out two-thirds of our American forces. Since every clone can be reproduced once destroyed, this battle has become an inevitable loss to the United States. On this basis, the United States government and all officials with influence on our society have decided to surrender to Canada so that no more lives will be lost. It is a sad day and probably the last of the United States of America. Under the terms set for surrender the border between Alaska, Canada, and the United States shall be dropped. A new country shall be formed entitled UNITED CANADA. Clones have been enabled to use deadly force to insure the protection of others so panicking will only insure ones death. Our economies will merge, as will our governmental systems. All risk-taking jobs shall be abolished and will be worked only by clones. Clones will become our new police force, firemen, armed forces, navy, army, National Guard, coast guard, marines, et cetera. The border between Canada and the United States is being removed as we speak and the border between all other countries and us has been closed. Canadians and Canadian clones are one their way south this very moment. Please do not put up any resistance to this movement for already too many lives have been lost.

Personal Narrative: A Personal Essay -- Narrative Essay Writing Englis

The inside of the shell looks to me like a sore throat mouth, is the sentence I wrote on paper eighteen years ago. It was my first day of an expository writing kinsfolk and I was a freshman in college. Assorted objects were placed in the center of a table, around which twenty students and I sat around. prof H asked us to describe the objects. What I saw was a seashell, a human of driftwood and a black and white framed photo of an old man and a silver pocket watch. I wanted to sketch the still purport in opposition to writing. I looked around me and observed all the students writing. At the end of our allotted ten minutes, I finally scribbled eat my single sentence. Professor H asked us to read aloud what we had written, and as I listened to each students long prose, I was amazed. They drew the objects using words. When it was my turn I read,The inside of the shell looks to me like a sore throat mouth.The class laughed as I blushed.Brilliant, exclaimed Professor H with his Welsh a ccent.I looked down at my single sentence with relief. That was the beginning of my understanding that everyones perception of something, may it be an inanimate object or experience is unique. The end of class he assigned us to write an essay about(predicate) a personal experience, to be due the following week. He also asked us to set down copies to distribute to all the class.The days prior to the due date, I recalled many experiences, but when I attempted to write them down on paper, I was non able to portray them successfully. The sharpest memories I could recall were incidents I was ashamed to write about, much less to share with the class. I feebly tried to write about a family trip to Arizona. When I read over what I had written, I was disa... ...and waved her hands frantically and shook her head like a crazed Beatle fan.As I continued to write, I once again became an eight-year-old child who sat with her older sister in the back of our Dads station wagon.When I was finish ed and read the essay several weeks later, I understood how profoundly the experience of having a sister with disabilities has affected my life. That experience affects how I write and control others writing. If I had not written this particular essay, I am not sure how clear my understanding of this reality would be, even today. Today, as I exit out this essay, I see on the bottom Hs comment. He wrote, Once again Liza, with remarkable verbal precision and economy you touch rich layers of meaning, feeling, and suggestion. There is not a word wasted in this piece-all comes over with the stated immediacy of a flash-photo.

Iphigenia, The Diary of a Young Lady Who Wrote Because She Was Bored Es

Expression and Repression in Parras Iphigenia, The Diary of a Young Lady Who Wrote Because She Was BoredLike Ruby, Iphigenia uses irrigate imagery to dramatize her feelings and fantasies. But she besides turns to the river to express her wants and desires because she cannot do so freely in her Venezuelan home.After the death of her father, Mara genus Eugenia leaves Venezuela and her best friend Christina, to visit friends of the family in Paris. In Paris she experiences a sense of freedom that she has never known before, walking the streets alone, going to operas, and dressing as she pleases. But when she gets back to Caracas to expect with her aunt and grandmother, she becomes bored, feels imprisoned, and finds out that her Uncle Eduardo stole her inheritance, leaving her penniless and completely dependent upon him. Her only recourse is to get married to a wealthy petitioner. Unfortunately, Mara Eugenia falls in love with Gabriel, who is not her familys suitor of choice. Uncle E duardo moves the family to the country and intercepts Gabriels letters to Mara Eugenia. Soon Leal, a suitor to the familys liking, whom Mara Eugenia does not love, asks her to marry him and she accepts. A short time later, Mara Eugenias uncle Pancho falls ill, and Gabriel, a doctor, comes to the house to tend to him. When they see each other again, Mara Eugenia and Gabriel realize that they are both still in love, and he entreats her to pull back away with him, but Mara Eugenia cannot summon the courage to accept his offer. Instead, she accepts the life that her family condones, sacrificing herself as Leals wife.In this story water is closely associated with Mara Eugenias ability to express herself. She struggles throughout the novel to communicat... ...eal because of their cast. Splitting off from her family by going to Paris, confiding in and symbolically becoming the water, the green-world token, falling in love with Gabriel, the green-world lover, rebelling from her family, a nd engaging her unconscious bring her to the tip of self realization. But as a result of the influence of her family, Mara Eugenia accepts her familys expectations as her own, that which is contrary to the desires she expresses in the process of her transformational journey. In Pratts words, instead of growing up, Mara Eugenia experiences a growing down in which the protagonist accepts auxiliary or secondary personhood instead of self realization (36, 168). Instead of accepting herself during the process of individualism she rejects her love for Gabriel and her desire for freedom to conform to the wishes of her family.

Essay --

Will It Crumble, Rip or Freeze?Scientist make up been throwing around ideas and theories as to how the humankind testament end, or if pull up stakesing even end at all. S of all timeal scenarios ar up in the air these scenarios are predicting the possible fate of our worldly concern. A few scenarios among many are The Big Crunch, Big Rip and Big Freeze. No one knows for sure what ordain happen to the universe, at this point in condemnation we question if we put one across enough evidence for any of these scenarios to become a solid thought. An separate question thrown around is, will the universe ever end?The prime(prenominal) of the scenarios I mentioned is The Big Crunch. The Big Crunch is thought to be a consequence of how the universe was formed in the first place. This possible action tells us that the universes amplification, due to the big bang, is thought to renounce its expansion. The scientists exploring this phenomenon think that it may eventually stop expanding and collapse into itself, pulling everything in with it. This will lead to the renewing of the universe to a huge black hole. Going into farther detail, it is said that if the universe has large quantities of dark brawniness then the expansion of our universe could theoretically continue forever. Another valid point is that if our universe were at a loss of dark energy then gravity would have to eventually stop expanding leading to contractions of the universe, which will continue until the matter of our universe collapses. This specific phenomenon, The Big Crunch, is looked at as a mirror image, or a reverse fix of the big bang. The theory goes on to say how contraction will slow down while the pace of gravity starts to pick up, cause the temperature to increase. When temperature is increasing the stars will eventually ex... ...st one theory that I agree with, they all have valid points to make and all could be possible. It would take geezerhood of research and culture scientific evidence for me to side with one of the hundreds of theories people have thrown out there. Some scientists now are even inquisitive if the universe is liberation to end at all. There are so many theories out there the fate of the universe is debatable, and unknown. It is clear that we would need further evidence and advances in physics before it will be remotely possible to know the fate of our universe. Scientists now think, and mostly agree with each other that the fate of the universe depends on three main things the overall shape or geometry of the universe, how much dark energy it contains, and on the equation of state which determines how the tautness of dark energy responds to the expansion of the universe. Essay -- Will It Crumble, Rip or Freeze?Scientist have been throwing around ideas and theories as to how the universe will end, or if will even end at all. Several scenarios are up in the air these scenarios are predicting the possible fate of our universe. A few scenarios among many are The Big Crunch, Big Rip and Big Freeze. No one knows for sure what will happen to the universe, at this point in time we question if we have enough evidence for any of these scenarios to become a solid thought. Another question thrown around is, will the universe ever end?The first of the scenarios I mentioned is The Big Crunch. The Big Crunch is thought to be a consequence of how the universe was formed in the first place. This theory tells us that the universes expansion, due to the big bang, is thought to stop its expansion. The scientists exploring this phenomenon think that it may eventually stop expanding and collapse into itself, pulling everything in with it. This will lead to the transformation of the universe to a huge black hole. Going into further detail, it is said that if the universe has large quantities of dark energy then the expansion of our universe could theoretically continue forever. Another valid point is that if our universe were at a loss of dark energy then gravity would have to eventually stop expanding leading to contractions of the universe, which will continue until the matter of our universe collapses. This specific phenomenon, The Big Crunch, is looked at as a mirror image, or a reverse effect of the big bang. The theory goes on to say how contraction will slow down while the pace of gravity starts to pick up, causing the temperature to increase. When temperature is increasing the stars will eventually ex... ...st one theory that I agree with, they all have valid points to make and all could be possible. It would take years of research and reading scientific evidence for me to side with one of the hundreds of theories people have thrown out there. Some scientists now are even questioning if the universe is going to end at all. There are so many theories out there the fate of the universe is debatable, and unknown. It is clear that we would need further evidence and advances in physics before it will be remotely possible to know the fate of our universe. Scientists now think, and mostly agree with each other that the fate of the universe depends on three main things the overall shape or geometry of the universe, how much dark energy it contains, and on the equation of state which determines how the density of dark energy responds to the expansion of the universe.

Social Criticism in the Hollywood Melodramas of the Fifties Essay

Social Criticism in the Hollywood Melodramas of the FiftiesIn the early 1950s the films of Douglas Sirk led the way in defining the emerging music genre of the Hollywood melodrama. Melodrama strictly means the combination of music (melos) and drama, but the term is used to refer to the popular romances that depicted a virtuous individual (usually a woman) or couple (usually lovers) victimized by repressive and inequitable social circumstances (Schatz 222). Sirks films were commercially successful and boosted the careers of stars like Lauren Bacall, Jane Wyman, and Rock Hudson, who was in seven of Sirks xiii American films (Halliday 162-171). Although critics in the fifties called the films trivial and campy and dismissed them as tearjerkers or female weepies (Schatz 224), critics in the seventies re-examined Sirks work and developed an academic discover for the genre and declared that the films actually had subversive relationship to the dominant ideology (Klinger xii). Douglas Sir ks Magnificent Obsession (1954) and Imitation of Life (1959) are representative of the techniques melodramas used to pull in ones horns aim relevant fifties issues like class, gender, and race.One characteristic of melodrama is the lavishly artificial and visually stylized scenery (Schatz 234) which is exploited in Magnificent Obsession. Numerous scenes take place in moving convertibles, where the motion of the car is out of synch with the motion of the scenery. Whenever possible, rooms have large picture windows showing magnificent, but obviously hammer outdoor landscapes. At one point a scene on the lakeshore cuts directly from a shot of Helen (Jane Wyman) sitting in front of a real horizon to a close-up of her sitting in front of a brightly c... ...ltural form (Klinger xii).Works citedAull, Felice. Magnificent Obsession. http//mchipO0.med.nyu.edu/lit-med/lit-me...cs/webfilms.magnificent.obses3-film-.htmlEllison, Ralph. Shadow and Act. Vintage world-wide New York, 1953.FilmFr og Archives Lecture given at Sonoma State University (1995), Imitation of Life (1959). http//yorty.sonoma.edu80/filmfrog/archive/Imitation_of_Life.htmlHalliday, Jon. Sirk on Sirk Interviews With Jon Halliday. New York Viking, 1972.Imitation of Life. Dir. Douglas Sirk. Universal, 1959.Klinger, Barbara. Melodrama and Meaning History, Culture, and the Films of Douglas Sirk. capital of Indiana Indiana University Press, 1994.Magnificent Obsession. Dir. Douglas Sirk. Universal, 1954.Schatz, Thomas. Hollywood Genres Formulas, Filmmaking, and the Studio System. Philadelphia Temple University Press, 1981.

Social Criticism in the Hollywood Melodramas of the Fifties Essay

Social Criticism in the Hollywood Melodramas of the FiftiesIn the early 1950s the films of Douglas Sirk led the way in defining the emerging literary genre of the Hollywood melodrama. Melodrama strictly means the combination of music (melos) and drama, but the term is used to refer to the popular romances that depicted a virtuous individual (usually a woman) or couple (usually lovers) victimized by repressive and inequitable social circumstances (Schatz 222). Sirks films were commercially successful and boosted the careers of stars like Lauren Bacall, Jane Wyman, and Rock Hudson, who was in seven of Sirks long dozen American films (Halliday 162-171). Although critics in the fifties called the films trivial and campy and dismissed them as tearjerkers or female weepies (Schatz 224), critics in the seventies re-examined Sirks work and developed an academic regard for the genre and declared that the films actually had subversive relationship to the dominant ideology (Klinger xii). Dou glas Sirks Magnificent Obsession (1954) and Imitation of Life (1959) are representative of the techniques melodramas used to salute relevant fifties issues like class, gender, and race.One characteristic of melodrama is the lavishly artificial and visually stylized scenery (Schatz 234) which is exploited in Magnificent Obsession. Numerous scenes experience place in moving convertibles, where the motion of the car is out of synch with the motion of the scenery. Whenever possible, rooms have large picture windows showing magnificent, but obviously talk through ones hat outdoor landscapes. At one point a scene on the lakeshore cuts directly from a shot of Helen (Jane Wyman) sitting in front of a real horizon to a close-up of her sitting in front of a brightly c... ...ltural form (Klinger xii).Works citedAull, Felice. Magnificent Obsession. http//mchipO0.med.nyu.edu/lit-med/lit-me...cs/webfilms.magnificent.obses3-film-.htmlEllison, Ralph. Shadow and Act. Vintage external New York, 1 953.FilmFrog Archives Lecture given at Sonoma State University (1995), Imitation of Life (1959). http//yorty.sonoma.edu80/filmfrog/archive/Imitation_of_Life.htmlHalliday, Jon. Sirk on Sirk Interviews With Jon Halliday. New York Viking, 1972.Imitation of Life. Dir. Douglas Sirk. Universal, 1959.Klinger, Barbara. Melodrama and Meaning History, Culture, and the Films of Douglas Sirk. capital of Indiana Indiana University Press, 1994.Magnificent Obsession. Dir. Douglas Sirk. Universal, 1954.Schatz, Thomas. Hollywood Genres Formulas, Filmmaking, and the Studio System. Philadelphia Temple University Press, 1981.

A Literature Review Identifying Group of Learners Within Society and Providing Reasons for Their Possible Underachievement Essay

Those could include students who do non perform well in a specific subject area, do not show interest in gaining qualifications or peradventure are limited by poor language skills or culture from doing well academic everyy at work. There have been many explanations for moo attainment and some of them include * Natural differences between sexes, * Natural intelligence, * Home background, * Type of schooltimeing, * Different training styles (stereotyping by teachers), * Material factors (Hammersley-Fletcher, Lowe & Pugh, 2006).Halsey performed a survey of the workss set and free-base that material factors were central to whether learners stayed at school beyond the age of 16 (Halsley cited in Hammersley-Fletcher, Lowe & Pugh, 2006). discussion section for gentility in addition states that the gap between the best and worst performers in our system actually simplens as they go done education and it is both signifi cigarettly wider and more than closely related to so cio-economic status in this country than anywhere else (DFES, 2004).In education, the relationship between schools and social discrepancy is often explored by looking at the test and examination scores achieved by different groups of children and unripened people, and other monitoring data. According to Molly Warrington by the age of 11, girls in many primary schools are performing better than boys, particularly in English, and this pattern of differential exercise is sustained and exacerbated throughout indirect education (Warrington and Younger, 2006).This is a particular concern for unclouded working programme boys which is the reason why we should evaluate it further trying to establish possible reasons for their underachievement. BBC account that government figures from January 2008 show only 15% of white working class boys in England getting five good GCSEs including maths and English. (BBC News, 2008). Above view is also supported by the chief inspector of schools who stated that white boys from poor families were worst affected and achieved the worst results aged 16 at school.White British boys who qualify for free school meals achieve the worst results of any apart from gypsy and traveller children with just 29 per cent getting good marks. (Daily Mail, 2012) why is this happening then in a modern world where we seem to have unlimited access to books, resources and other forms of help towards achievement? There is no doubt that to be able to achieve we must have the desire to learn and aspirations to perform well academically.Maslows Hierarchy of Needs outlines the necessity of delightful the basic physiological and safety needs before the ones on upper levels like achievement, understanding and approval make students realise their potential. Unfortunately white working class households often undermine the values of schooling, academic achievement and aspirations. Boys from very early age associate manual labour with masculinity and toughness so do not find academic learning relevant to them as it is not based on what they have been told or taught at home.Department for Education confirms that schools where socio-cultural strategies were most transformative were those where head teachers recognised that there were sometimes conflicts between the cultural contexts of home and school, and that such conflicts might lead to disengagement and potential underachievement (DfES, 2005) Paul Willis performed a case study through a detailed ethnographic account of school lives of white working class boys who were destined for labour.Boys showed lack of commitment to schoolwork and an acceptance of the authority of the teacher at the same time associating manual labour with masculinity and toughness. Willis argued that the boys were drawing upon cultural constructions of masculinity which idealised manual workers strength, so becoming a source of higher self-esteem. The lads asserted their masculinity in the stories they told ar ound resisting mental work (Willis, 1977). Most schools in Britain are prevail by the anti-education and anti-aspiration culture which has ofttimes more pronounced effects on boys.They believe that it is not cool to learn, that real men work with their hands, not their minds, and that school does not matter (Telegraph, 2011). All of the above are deeply ingrained in our culture therefore boys like acting tough or hard, for example, by fighting or publicly denying adult authority using humour and wit, sometimes as a confrontational device against teachers wearing fashionable enclothe and trainers or possessing culturally acclaimed noesis, for example, being able to talk knowledgeably about the latest computer game (Swain, 2003, 2004).There are many reasons for this behavior but Connell claims that working class communities in some parts of England are those most affected by the collapse of the traditional local manufacturing industry base and deindustrialization. These working-c lass boys can no longer rely on work for their traditional status of power and see little point in gaining qualifications, therefore are more likely to reject values that are conducive to academic success such as work ethic or punctuality.For the same reason they do not value academic success and admire peers challenging schools authority (Connell cited in Younger, 2005). How do we change that? What do schools need to take into account the best possible progress and the highest attainment for all pupils? Practical suggestions for educational organisations to better meet the needs of these pupils. Given the amount of literature talking about the underachievement of working class white boys, it appears that the study material available, suggesting solution to the growing problem is limited.The suggestions on how to better meet the needs of these boys have been based on the literature review. Main points however, have been developed through discussions with school staff, parents and pupils from a local primary school where most pupils are White British with a few from minority ethnic groups. The proportion of pupils with special educational needs and/or disabilities and with a statement of special educational needs is below that found in most schools. Those discussions gave an insight into successful practices that minimise the impact of barriers to achievement for white working class boys.After careful consideration of the subject, improving achievement of boys appears to be a very complex process linked to many factors playing important parts. They include factors like leadership and vision, the curriculum and language support, behaviour management, parental engagement, targeted support including the role of the learning mentor in supporting white working class pupils. Successful transition to course of instruction 7 from Year 6 has proven to also have a positive impact on white working class pupils. These factors are significant in all schools, whether mix ed or single-sex, maintained or independent.Senior managers play a crucial role in determining the most appropriate strategy for school improvement, based on close examination of the school situation and identification of the barriers to improving boys achievement (OFSTED, 2003). The quality of management and leadership within the schools plays a major(ip) part in developing successful strategies. Head teachers who keep their students at the heart of the schools ethos and everything they do, find it easier to engage staff and parents. Strong leadership can be the driving force behind change, impudently expectations and inspirational success.They should * Create a culture of achievement with a positive can do attitude. * Have high expectations and the provision of intensive support should be expected of all * Allocate a lot of time to being in the schoolroom with teachers and pupils * Make sure that diversity of pupils backgrounds and circumstances are celebrated. * Make sure that all children are encouraged to achieve their potential and uninventive expectations are not made. * Make sure that books used, displays and worksheets avoid stereotypical images, sexist language and represent our multicultural society.The curriculum and language support also plays a major part in tackling underachievement. The Guardian (2013) agrees that barriers to learning faced by white working class boys are mostly concerned with language and literacy many a(prenominal) of these young people have a limited vocabulary and grasp of standard English and have a limited higher order reading skills such as skimming, scanning, synthesis, and empathy. Pupils with low levels of literacy rarely read at home, and their development in this area stalls when they get into their teens.Our school believes that the curriculum should be friendly to all children whatever their age, race, gender, ability or social background. The use of appropriate reading materials gives the teachers the ideal opportunity for tackling stereotypical views, as well as widens their knowledge and understanding of things that middle class pupils already know and understand. Considering the above it was interesting to find that Schools and Communities Research Review (2010) suggests, it is unlikely that changing textbooks or curriculum discipline will in itself lead to improved outcomes in reading or mathematics.It is believed that professional development and coaching in effective teaching strategies make much more of a difference. Continuing, extensive professional development to teachers is likely to improve academic attainment for poor pupils therefore teachers need extensive, engaging workshops to learn new strategies and then coaching to be able to successfully implement and maintain them in their classrooms. Behaviour management also plays a major part in raising achievement of working class boys, and involves using successful strategy which requires a planned approach and subsequently dedication from all parties involved specially educators, pupils and parents. Ofsted reinforces this view by stating that behaviour is significantly better in settings which have a strong sense of community and work closely with parents and carers. In these settings learners emotional state safe and are confident that issues such as bullying are dealt with swiftly and fairly (Ofsted, 2005). Involvements of parents in the school life of their children, and their aspirations for them, have been also declare as some of the most important factors associated with lower educational achievement.This appears to be particularly relevant to children from low-income families as parental aspirations and attitudes towards education vary significantly correspond to socio-economic status (Goodman and Gregg 2010). Young working class boys lack self believe and aspirations which results in having difficulties in understanding its importance and relevance. A lot of working class parents have had poor experience of education and believe that there is nothing to be gained from it as their children are likely to end up unemployed, or perhaps have achieved a lot in life through hard work despite having no formal qualifications.In both cases parents do not believe in education therefore pass that view and lack of aspirations onto their children (The Guardian, 2013). The head teacher of the local school reported that the white working class families were the hardest to engage within the life of the school and their childrens learning. School staff expressed frustration at the mismatch between the high aspirations of the school and low aspirations of the parents for their childrens learning, and therefore have to work hard on strategies to engage white parents with a view to raising achievement.School staff are cognisant that they have to draw parents in for positive reasons as a counter balance for the negative experiences that many had at school themselves. Younger amp Warringt on (2005) suggested that a combination of a strong learning ethos in school and increased involvement of parents in their childrens education could raise aspirations and achievement. There are return of reasons why white working class pupils should be able to do well academically despite challenging socio-economic circumstances in the areas served by schools.The take the stand presented by the teachers from our local school mentioned earlier, enables the conclusion to be drawn that this school demonstrates the many ways in which they work to support pupils through a wide range of imaginative and inclusive strategies. Their success in raising the achievement of their pupils is a tribute to their vision, and to the very hard work that is needed to make it a reality. WORD COUNT 2028 References BBC News Channel. (2008). White working class boys failing. Available http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/education/7220683. stm.Last accessed 28th Feb 2013 Centre for Excellence and Outcomes in Child ren and Young Peoples Services . (2011). Effective classroom strategies for closing the gap in educational achievement for children and young people living in poverty, including white working-class boys. Available http//www. c4eo. org. uk/themes/schools/classroomstrategies/files/classroom_strategies_research_review. pdf. Last accessed 3th March 2013. Daily Mail. (2012). White working-class boys are consigned to education scrapheap, Ofsted warns. Available http//www. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-2159616/The-anti-school-culture-condemns-white-boys-failure. tml. Last accessed 28th Feb 2013. Department for Education and Skills. (2004). Five Year Strategy for Children and Learning. Putting people at the heart of public services. Availablehttps//www. education. gov. uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DfES-5%20Year%20Plan. pdf. Last accessed 21st February 2013. Department for Education and Skills. (2005). elevation Boys Achievement. Available https//www. education. gov. uk/publications/e OrderingDownload/RR636. pdf. Last accessed 28th Feb 2013. Goodman, A. , Gregg, P. (2010). POORER CHILDRENS EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT HOW IMPORTANT ARE ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOUR?.Available http//www. jrf. org. uk/publications/educational-attainment-poor-children. Last accessed 3th March 2013. Hammersley-Fletcher, L. , Lowe, M. and Pugh, J. (2006) The Teaching Assistants Guide, an essential textbook for foundation degree students. Oxton, Routledge. OFSTED. (2003). Boys achievement in secondary schools. Available http//www. ofsted. gov. uk/resources/boys-achievement-secondary-schools. Last accessed 28th February 2013. OFSTED. (2005) Managing challenging behaviour. Available http//www. ofsted. gov. uk/resources/managing-challenging-behaviour. Last accessed 15th February 2013. Swain, J. (2003).How young schoolboys become somebody the role of the body in the construction of masculinity. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 24 299-314. Swain, J. (2004). The resources and strategies that 1 0-11-year-old boys use to construct masculinities in the school setting. British educational Research Journal, 20 167-85. The Guardian. (2013). Working class boys schools must work with parents to raise their attainment. Available http//www. guardian. co. uk/teacher-network/teacher-blog/2013/jan/17/working-class-boys-raise-attainment. Last accessed 3th March 2013. The Telegraph. (2011). Why are poor white boys doing so badly at school?Its about culture, and weve got to change it. Available http//blogs. telegraph. co. uk/news/neilobrien1/100102225/why-are-poor-white-boys-doing-so-badly-at-school-its-about-culture-and-weve-got-to-change-it/. Last accessed 28th Feb 2013. Warrington, M. , Younger, M. (2006) Raising Boys Achievement in first-string Schools. Berkshire, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. Willis, P. (1977). Learning to Labour How Working Class Kids Get Working Class Jobs. Aldershot Saxon House. Younger, M. , McLellan, R. , Warrington, M. (2005). Raising Boys Achievement in Secondary Schools. Birkshire McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing.

Building for brands Essay

Today, companies take extreme care when formulating and executing advertising campaigns. A special attention is given to the gist of an ad and its impact on potential consumers. The main ingredients that contribute to a great advertising campaign are a unique slogan (message) and image of an ad. Marketers communicate by a set of meanings and definitions sending particular messages to consumers and controlling the circulation of ideas about a crossroad (Wells et al 2005). The particular slogan, and the way it is presented, depends on the advertisers objective, such as Allstate Insurance Comp eachs ad Youre in good hands.Slogan is cardinal element of communication because it sticks to consumers mind for a long time even if they do not remember the exact image, they remember the slogan. For instance, Nike creates the following slogan for it advertisement Just do it It appeals to potential consumers through emotional response a common set of meanings derives not only from the langua ge, but refers more broadly to the pattern of beliefs, codes, and feelings on the basis of which people mark off to live with their environment. Visual image supports the slogan and appeals to consumers through a visual analyzer.Humor and relevance help to create a unique advertising message and attracts attention. Such ads have greater emotional impact on potential consumers and their decision to purchase. For instance, a slogan Dont leave home without it use by Ameri cannister Express, appeals to emotions and feelings of consumers this slogan is easy to remembers and repeat. Because products are frequently at different stages in their life cycle in various national markets, and because of cultural, social, and scotch dif-ferences that exist in those markets, the most effective appeal or giveing proposition for a product may vary from market to market.The choice of media is important because it allows a company to influence and apple to different target groups. Media controls th e circulation of ideas about a particular product. For instance, radio advertising is inexpensive the message cannot be passed or reread. TV media is more effective because people and products have a realism. A television advertisement can be timed to the hour, day, week or program. For instance, forays ad Kills bugs dead combine both visual and auditory appeal. The ad You can do it. We can help used by mansion Depot appeals to me in an emotional level. It appeals to the heart of the intended audience.This message of the ad has a significant impact on tastes and priorities creating fashion. It provides potential consumers with human-centered behavior, inconsiderate of any outside consequences, short-term or long-term. The objective of the ad was to attract attention to their brand name and proposed a support in daily problems. In this case, the life-sized idea of advertisement can be compared with a flash of insight that synthesizes the purpose of the strategy, joins the product benefit with consumer desire in a fresh, involving way, brings the subject to life, and makes the proofreader or audience stop, look, and listen.It is possible to say that consumers read the message hearing or looking at the advertisement. Home Depot did not try to sell its products to a potential consumer but proposed a help and support, problem solving and prove their expert knowledge. The target audiences of Home Deport are individual customers and mental synthesis companies involved in building repair and reconstruction services.In sum, following John OToole (cited Wells et al 2005, p.67) the big idea of an ad can be described as a flash of insight that synthesizes the purpose of the strategy, joins the product benefit with consumer desire in a fresh, involving way, brings the subject to life, and makes the reader or audience stop, look, and listen. Advertising has a great influence on the society as it is often designed to add psychological value to a product or brand, it pla ys a more important communications role in marketing consumer products than in marketing products.References1. Wells, W. P. , Mariarty, S. , Burnett, J. (2005). Advertising Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall 7 edn.

Criteria match – Organ Sales

The numbers grow on a daily basis and every year, thousands of Ameri faecal matters argon dying because of the unfitness to get the flavor-saving reed organs in which they require to survive (Shave, 2008). Although an answer of legalizing the sale of organs may seem like a plausible solution, there argon a magnitude of give ups that show this may not be such a good idea. By legalizing the sale of Organs, we run the risk of increasing disastrous trade revenue and major exploitation of the worthless.This provides availability for more unsafe practices and scattering of organs in an uncontrolled environment. In our current age, we have over one hundred thousand individuals waiting for a transmit with only less than fifteen thousand givers (OPT, 2014). Although legitimation of organs may seem reasonable, I do not think it would be a wise choice because of exploitation, morals and the large contribution it would make to support the black market scattering of organs.Becoming an organ donor and compensation for organs are two separate cases in which one is deceased and can no longer use their organs and where one living being is compensated for organs in which they may sibyl need to survive at a later date. The black market has had no issues in delivering services still to those desperate for organs to save their loved ones (Meeker, 2007).In 2003 an illegal kidney-procurement network was uncovered in Africa where an operation would provide the donor with hexad thousand dollars and middlemen were able to sell the organs for as much as one-hundred thousand dollars (Shave, 2008). In the United States, the black market for human tissue ordinarily involves those that are about to be cremated. Falsified documents are provided and he tissue can then be change to a research facility where infectious, diseased organs are sold by a claim that alters the cause of death or health history.In some of these trades, compensation is not even rewarded but the donor wa king up in a bath tub covered in blood and ice cubes with a missing organ. Because of the desperate call to sponsor a family member and the waiting argument being so high, many an new(prenominal)(prenominal) Americans turn to the black market in order to get what they need. The individual may contact someone they know such as the Body snatchers and a prole may be misled thinking they eave a Job but are locked into a facility with an operating room where their cadavers can provide tissue for up to 90 patients (Shave, 2007).In a controlled environment, a heart procedure/operation can cost one-hundred thousand dollars, kidney operations from three thousand and the cost of the organ is not included (Forbes, 2007). Much of the upper-class individuals will have no issue providing these funds however, the lower class may struggle with figures that high. This brings up the criteria of exploitation amongst the lower class. The term exploitation can be defined s habit or utilization, esp ecially for profit (Exploitation, 2014).The market for organ sales may be the hardest to Justify and compensation to the lower class living individuals for their organs is exploiting and in fact would better support an argument for increasing aid to the needy (Shave, 2008). The lower class simply cannot afford multiple hundred thousands of dollars for a transplant which leaves those able to receive being from a higher class (Forbes, 2007). The legalisation of organs sales will not only increase traffic in the black market, but exploit the poor. Both options simply lack ethics and to put a price on a human, borderlines many limitations of morality.One could say that legalization would decrease sales and provide a safer environment for transplants however, if we compare the drug market and the legalization of marijuana with the black market, we see revenues sky rocketing for the illegal distribution of marijuana not prescribed and opens the door for those distributing illegally, to do it in a more outside manor making it easier, quicker and adding to the price off psychoactive substance. The sales of human organs for compensation should not be legalized, it will increase black market profit and availability and exploit the poor.A day worker in India was looking for day wages when he agreed to do construction work for four dollars an hour. Him, along with others were then held at gunpoint for several(prenominal) days and eventually taken to a hidden operating room where he and the two others remain unconscious by drugs and when they awoke, their kidneys had been removed (Shave, 2008). By legalizing organ sales, we support circumstances like these because we are taking their immoral actions ND brutality and making it legal to do so.By making organ sales legal, many could be misguided into faulty operations such as these and live on life support for the remaining number of years. Imagine how much easier it would be to produce fraudulent papers and faulty medical r ecords in order to please the payer (Shave, 2007). By making organ sales legal, we make these situations more convenient for the desperate and in some cases could be the end of thousands of lives because the black market will always be cheaper and will always be available. It is the poor person who sells, the rich who buy and Dry.Delimitation of the Wall Street Journal mentions that Payments eventually result in the exploitation of the individual, (Shuttlecocks, 2001). A condition can only be exploitive if the victim is ill- informed, manipulated or coerced into believing something other than what is present (Wilkinson, 2011). The sale of Organs is pretty straight forward but if we look in cost of a struggling economy, the individuals decision is highly influenced and therefore the situation is being manipulated. Such actions could also include the compensation being considerably low in contrast to the profit.Such cases like in South Africa, individuals are compensated anywhere fr om six hundred to eight hundred dollars and those same organs are sold for over one-hundred thousand (Shave, 2008). Both criteria could bring arguments to consider like legalizing it would provide for safer facilities to do transplants and also, provide income for the poor. But is money more important than a life? More facilities means more tax dollars and if this means safer alternatives, than why are some of these facilities distributing illegally when it is illegal? If they find a way to do it now, hypothecate how much easier ND accessible it would be to the black market.Yes, legalizing organs sales may decrease the numbers on the waiting list, but what about other methods such as providing campaigns of awareness for more to become organ donors? As of today, only one third of the population is an organ donor (OPT, 2014). If every person became an organ donor this would not only eliminate numbers on the waiting list, but possibly even produce an abundance of organs that may be us ed later. Considering one hundred and fifty thousand people die a day, it would only take one ay to eliminate the waiting list of one hundred and twenty thousand (Wick.NODE, 2014). Legalizing organ sales has far more negative effects than that which would actually help the American people. The black market will increase revenue and grow their practices all-the-while exploiting the lower class and providing more health concerns for those who are desperate. Whats at stake? Power, control and revenue. Although many would say that the legalization would decrease numbers which may hold truth, there are multiple different actions which can benefit the country that will to promote immoral demeanor and unethical compensation for a living being.

Day of triffids

Day of triffids BY can-Dy The Day Of The Triffids Chapter 1-6 Chapter 1 the end begins William Bill Masen wakes up in a hospital with his eyes bandaged. He recalls the events of the iniquity before when the earth passed through comet debris causing unfledged flashes of light. He re apparent movements the bandages and leaves to find that the green flashes have rendered everyone slur and that he may be the only one who is still sighted. Chapter 2 The Coming Of The Triffids Bill discusses his personal history and the origin of the triffids.He explains how the triffids originated and how they spread across the world. He describes what a triffid ooks like and how it acts when it walks. He also tells of how he was stung by a triffid as a child which led him to his study of triffids. Chapter 3 The radical City Bill goes on the street and encounter a artifice man, and then he take to a young blind man with a child and a blind woman trying to get some food from a store. He see a group o f blind heap is control by a sighted man, and he tries to stop the sighted man from being rude to the blind women, but he is knocked give away.He wants to find out what has been happening. Chapter 4 Shadows Before Bill is wandering the streets when he hears a scream and finds a sighted young oman being beaten by a blind man. He rescues her and she reveals her name as Josella Playton who had missed the comet through a wild party. They drive to Josellas home but find that her family has all been killed by triffids. Chapter 5 A Light In The Night Bill and Josella drive toward Clerkenwell and try to find some weapons that will help them defend themselves from the triffids.While driving, their car was beseiged and they barely escape with their lives. They in the end find themselves some gear and clothes. As day falls into night, they decide to spend the night in a tower block and uring the night they see a bright light and decide to investigate it in the morning. Chapter 6 Rendezvous Bill and Josella arrive at the University of London, where they believe that the bright light had originated the night before.There they observe a sighted man, leading a mob of blind people, argue with the sighted on the other side of the gate. But through implement gun fire, they are sent away. Bill learns that the inhabitants of the university can see and that they plan to leave London soon. Deciding to help B Josella go out to contact food. Characters William Bill Masen A triffid biologist from south London and the novels protagonist. He is one of the only ones not to lose his sight as a result of the green flashes of light.Josella Playton A young woman whom Bill rescues and falls in love with. She is about 24 at the beginning of the story. She came from a well-off family and was infamous for physical composition a notorious sexual book. Vocab Peevish irritated Aggrieved troubled disturbed Triffid a large plant with a poisonous sting that is able to move farmed as the produce a useful oil Abruptly unexpectedly sudden Mimicking to copy or imitate closely, especially in speech, expression, and gesture

Mandated Minimum Staff Ratios Essay

In the past several years, there has been a growing need for more registered nurses in hospitals due to rising acuity of tolerants. The safety and quality of patient fright is directly related to the size and experience of the nursing workforce. Nursing working conditions make deterio regularised in well-nigh facilities because hospitals have not kept up with the rising demand for nurses. Legislatures, health c atomic number 18 providers, and the public are demanding adequate rounding ratios for nurses, particularly RNs to patients in an acute care setting (Huston, 2010, p.165).These measures assign some minimum level of staffing that all hospitals must meet regardless of the types and severity of patients. A study was done that included over 10,000 nurses and over 230,000 patients in 168 hospitals the study showed hospitals with a higher patient to nurse ratio had a higher circumstances of surgical patients dying in the 30 days of admission (Huston, 2010, p.167). This study su ggest that having an inadequate number of RNs in the acute care setting places the public at risk for complications and even death.I am writing this topic because I believe that patient to nurse ratio should oppose the acuity level and not the number. As a nurse, I have worked in facilities that designate patient care fit in to the number of patients and not the acuity. The nurses are overwhelmed because some are assigned 6 high acuity patients. When the acuity level is not considered, the patients are put at a higher rate for complications. Greenberg argued that the implementation of staffing ratios improves nurse satisfaction and eventually retention (Huston, 2010, p.169). Who wouldnt want to go to work to a full nursing staff? The mandated minimum staff ratio would prevent nurses from working short by pulling resources from somewhere else or use contracted nurses. The end result will be patient satisfaction and happy nurses.There are several states and some countries that has a dopted this legislation. Some legislatures have even established a law that goes a short further by establishing a hospital wide nursing care committee. This committee will recommend a nursing service staffing plan according to the facilitys assessment of patient care needs (Huston, 2010, p. 173). Other states call for at least an annual evaluation of the staffing plan. These are just some of the alternatives. All states should consider the effect of how this will impact the nurses and the patients. If the patients and nurses are satisfied, the health care system will benefit.ReferencesHuston, C.J., (2010). Professional issues in nursing Challenges and opportunities (2nd ed.). Baltimore Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Ireland’s Views on Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear weapons be a mechanism that can cause explosive reaction. Nuclear weapons commonly have these explosions from atomic reactions, or fission. Nuclear weapons are a world wide problem, and have impact throughout the world. Nuclear weapons were first introduced into the world in World War II. Many countries own or manufacture atomic weapons. There have been millions of dollars spent on atomic weapons. Nuclear weapons can create many outcomes They have made many impacts on multiple countries.Most of these impacts seem to be negative. Ireland has many views and ideas for nuclear weapons. Ireland wants to abolish nuclear weapons in total. Ireland believes they are very dangerous. They also think that they threaten the lives of anyone living virtually a country that has nuclear weapons. The country also have the opinion that nuclear weapons are very unpredictable and can be ignited by an accidental cause. Thus, Irelands view on nuclear weapons is a strong one, and they do non w ant them by their country.Since Ireland does not produce any nuclear weapons, they believe their surrounding countries nuclear weapons could harm Ireland. Some countries by Ireland are Northern Ireland, Isle of Man, Wales, Scotland, and England. Northern Ireland has some nuclear weapons. Isle of Man does not have nuclear weapons. Neither does Wales. Wales wants to obtain nuclear weapons. England has not had nuclear weapons since 1991. Since Northern Ireland has some nuclear weapons, Ireland may want to describe rules about what nuclear weapons they are allowed to use around the border of Ireland.Ireland may want to do this to protect their country from a nuclear attack. Ireland wants to make laws for other countries about nuclear weapons. Some people believe Ireland should not make these laws. They may think this because they believe Ireland is trying to control these countries. These countries may also not want Ireland to make these rules because they may think that Ireland can on ly make rules for Ireland, not other countries. Ireland really wants these countries to take account of this suggestion and try to make change indoors their own countries.

Energy drink lab Essay

Questions1. When we say that something gives us zipper, what does that mean? What is a biological definition of energy? When we say that something gives us energy it inwardness that, that drink gave us power to get up and do things. It energizes us so we can accomplish something. The biological definition of energy is the strength and brio required for sustained physical or mental activity. 2. What is the physiological role of each of the molecules in your table? The role of each of the molecules in my table is to1. Which ingredients allow energy? How do they do that? caffein, sugars and many more provide energy by stimulating the central nervous system giving the body a sense of alertness. It can raise heart rate and blood pressure while dehydrating the body. 2. Which ingredients contri furthere to body repair, I.e., which help build or rebuild ponderousness tissue? Glucose (sugar) to provide energy quickly to the muscles. Be execute sugar is short-lasting, the resulting energy burst is also short-lasting. Ingredients with protein repairs, and Folic Acid, since it helps with DNA synthesis which makes protein.In our case the amino acid multitude help build muscle tissue in the drink Nos. 3. In what ways might the one that does not have a metabolic energy source provide the perception of increased energy after inspiration? The main purpose of an energy drink is to increase stamina and physical performance. With the consumption of caffeine the person will increase performance. 4. How are the ingredients in these drinks helpful to someone expending a lot energy a runner? I believe the ingredients in these drinks are not helpful to someone expending a lot of energy because its not healthy and the energy thats given off these energy drinks do not last long. Therefore its unreasonable to drink energy drink when you can drink irrigate and maybe Gatorade or Powerade. 5. Does your analysis substantiate the claim that this is an energy drink? If so, what molecul es are the sources of energy? 6. Yes the claim substantiate that Nos is an energy drink. The sources of energy in are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, being burned in the presence of oxygen. But the chemical reactions required to consume this energy do require water.7. Could you drink serve contrastivepurposes for different consumers? Explain. Nos energy drink could be used to provide energy to those who play sports and need the energy, those who need the energy because of lack of sleep, or those who simply enjoy the gustatory sensation of it. 7. What is the normal physiological response to increased intake of sugars? To increased intake of caffeine? The glucose levels in the blood increase and cause and increase in insulin doing with and increased amount of sugar intake. With an increase of caffeine intake the heart rate increases and cause fear, insomnia, and the blood vessels to expand. 8. Is there such a thing as sugar high?Explain your answer. No, there is no such thing a s sugar high. Many people believe sugar makes people hyper and that is a myth. It is because some people are low sugar tolerant and some have a higher toleration for sugar. 9. Evaluate, in terms of prefatorial physiology and biochemistry, the statement A lack of sleep causes a lack of energy. Sleeping is essential for everyone and we at least need 6 hours of sleep a daylight to let our body rest after it has been active for many hours. One lacks energy because your body and brain did not have enough time to force out up again so therefore one feels tired.10. Are the product claims legitimate? Why?No, they are off because the amount of caffeine listed is much dismount past what it actually has 11. Should you simply buy a can of coke rather than one of these energy drinks? Why/ why not? Yes, but then again no because coke products are honest about what the drink has in so therefore you know what you are consuming and how much but then again it can still affect your health. Coke is a better then Nos but not the healthiest choice.AssessmentClaimsEnhances mental focus senior high performanceFuels gamersNatural caffeinePeople should really think about the things they drift in their bodies. Many are not aware of the risks that one put themselves in because of the products they consume. Energy drinks are an example of beverages that manypeople drink but not everyone knows the risks. A lot of young adolescents enjoy drinking these shell of beverages. Energy drinks have high caffeine but the product does not inform you of how much caffeine one is actually consuming. High levels of caffeine cause the heart rate to increase and it could cause death if people are not careful.The claims say that it enhances the mental focus however the drink cause anxiety problems and insomnia. The high levels of caffeine cause these side effects and increase the consumers heart rate. The claims also state that it is high performance, which is partially true. The caffeine makes one feel full awake and have more energy but deep down their body is forcefully being told to act that way. The Nos Energy drink tries to catch the nub of adolescents by the logos on the drinks such as Nos fuels gamers. The drink states that it has natural caffeine and even though it may be natural, it has 260 mg of caffeine. A fille in Missouri drank 2 Nos drinks and passed out which caused her to be hospitalized according to EnergyFiend.com. This is why consumers need to be careful when buying these types of beverages because they could end up hospitalized or perhaps dead. It clear states on the can that it is only recommended for adults, but yet anyone is allowed to buy not matter what age they are which is unbelievable.Sources of EnergyAmino AcidsStimulants & VitaminsOther-Please CategorizeCaffeineCitric AcidAcesulfame PotassiumFructoseGlucoseGlucuronolactoneInisotolPyridoxine HCLSucraloseSucroseAspartame(Carnitine)1-Glutamine(B12)(B6)(Taurine)(Guarana)CyanocobalaminFolic AcidNi acinNiacinamidePantothenic Acid(Potassium Sorbate)- Salt of sorbic acidWater

Barn Burning Essay

William Faulkners short story, Barn Burning, can be interpreted as a coming of age story. The mown(prenominal) character, Sarty, is a young son who is hale to choose between following morals and supporting his novice. Through appear the text the endorser sees that he is part between the two, not old enough to put his foot d declare and say no, but not young enough to continue on blissfully unaware. Right from the beginning paragraph, Sarty is sitting in the cover version of the Justice of Peaces court. Faulkner paints this picture of the little son crouched on his nail keg at the back of the crowded room (Faulkner 493).From this simple sentence, the reader sees Sarty as a weak, unimportant character in the story. His pay back is accused of burning an enemys barn. Our enemy he thought in that discouragement ourn Mine and hisn both Hes my father (Faulkner 493). This sentence indicates that the 10 year old boy knows to support his blood relations. However, when he is called to t he Justice he thinks, He aims for me to lie and I will spend a penny to do it, (Faulkner 494) which indicates that the boy knows the truth, and even though to support his father would be lying, thats what he postulate to do.He continues to call the neighbor an enemy in his head, but when it comes to being questioned he freezes up. From this moment the reader begins to experience the battle inside Sartys head that continues throughout the story. That is, the battle between right and wrong, family or betrayal. In that moment of frozen nerves, Sarty feels, As if he had swung outward at the end of a pipeline vine, over a ravine, and at the top of the swing had been caught in a prolonged instant of hypnotized gravity, weightless in time. (Faulkner 494. ) This quote holds an abundance of symbolism abot the position Sarty was put in. He was momentarily stuck in this weightless, timeless, unknowing moment, swung out over a ravine suggesting that if he let go, if he give in to his own mo rals, he could be flung into a world of pain. The grapevine is a universal symbol of rebirth or impertinently beginning. Every spring, new green shoots spring up along gnarled, twisted old branches resembling life from death. For Sarty, resisting his father would be a new beginning.As they walk out of the court, a boy wispers Barn burner (Faulkner 495), and Sarty jumps at him trying to hit him. This indicates that in the beginning Sarty quench sticks to his blood and tries to defend his father. However, we still see indications of the internal battle that Sarty is fighting throughout the story. Sarty then portrays independence towards his mother when she is trying to fuck up his wounds and wash off the blood. He refuses to admit that it hurts, and tells his mother, Ill wash it to-night Lemme be, I tell you. (Faulkner 495).It is contradictory that he wants so much to please his father but talks back to his mother in much(prenominal) a way, even when shes the one trying to help him while his father doesnt give birth his best interests at heart. This is an instance of a childish need to gain approval. He knows that his mother cares approximately him and approves of most of his actions, but it is his father that he knows he has to work for. His father wants him to grow up, and to be a man. Abner tells his son, Youre getting to be a man. You got to learn. You got to learn to stick to your own blood or you aint going to have any blood to stick to you. (Faulkner 496). Sartys dad believes that growing up means supporting your family. However, in truth, if Sarty were to grow up he would realize that his fathers actions were vile and stand up to him. These words make an impact on Sarty, nonetheless, because the next day, when they arrive at their new house and his father drags him away, the narrator remarks, A week ago or before last night, that is he would have asked where they were going, but not now. (Faulkner 496). A week ago a naive, ignorant Sarty wou ld have questioned his father. however after their talk he gained a new perspective, not quite becoming independent or growing up, but rather a better understanding of discretion. Before they even reach the house, Sarty points out the oak and cedar trees, both symbolic of strength and endurance. Also, the honeysuckle and roses which line the gate symbolise slam and caring. When they get to the entrance, they are greeted by a big gate with pillars and a long drive lede up to the coloumed pillars of the manor. This demonstrates the wealth and prestige of the manor. When Sarty sees the house he instantly thinks of a courthouse. He forgets about the terror and despair his father has caused him and they are replaced by a surge of peace and joy whose reason he could not have thought into words. (Faulkner 497). The comfort that Sarty finds in this authoritative building is predictive of his resistance to his father later on. Next Major de Spain takes Abner to the local courthouse after he refuses to pay the twenty bushels of corn he was required to provide. The court decides to lower the amount to ten bushels, which is an extremely reasonable price to pay for quite a littlefall a rug of such value.However, as they are leaving, Sarty says to his father He wont tail end no ten bushels neither. He wont git one. Well (Faulkner 502). Not only is he passionately taking his fathers side in this quote, but he also refers to himself and Abner as We, suggesting a stronger emotional bond in this moment. None of this matters once they get home, and Abner sends Sarty out to the varn to get the can of oil. Sarty knows what his father is going to do, and contemplates running away, but he tells himself he cant. Then, when Abner forces Sartys mother to hold him down to prevent Sarty from running away, the whole scene changes.I believe this is the moment when Sarty realizes how his father has misused him and that he has the ability to be independent. So, he struggles away fro m his mother and when he bursts through the front door of the radiate manor he babbles to the white man about the barn. During the course of this entire scene Sarty never dinero running. He runs away from not only his childhood subordination, but also the hopeless dependance of his mother, the laziness of his sisters, and the careless mindset of his brother.He runs away from all the negativity, and yet when all alone, Sarty thinks, He was brave e was He was in the war He was in Colonel Sartoris cavry (Faulkner 505). Still blindly defending his father, and yet, without realizing it, he travel asleep. At the approach of dawn, and approach of a new day, Sarty has changed once more. He is free of his blood restraints. He went down on down the hill, toward the dark woods within which the liquid silver voices of the birds called unceasing the speedy and urgent beating of the urgent and quiring heart of the late spring night. He did not look back. (Faulkner 505).

Cameron Auto Parts Essay

Cameron car split was founded in 1965 in Canada by the Cameron family to seize opportunities created by the machine Pact (APTA) of 1965 mingled with the linked States and Canada. The APTA allowed for tariff-free trade between the Big Three American automakers and parts suppliers and factories in both countries. The one cautiousness in the APTA to qualify for the zero-tariff trade was that companies must maintain assembly facilities on both sides of the border. Cameron railroad car move specifically manufactured original equipment parts (OEM) such as small engine parts and accessories found upon design specs created by the Auto manufacturing businesss and consequently sold these parts to the auto makers.Alex Cameron took the reins in 2001 and was nowadays faced with a financial crisis. Sales in 2000 had dropped to $48 trillion and were only $18 one thousand thousand for the first six months of 2001. Cameron lost $2.5 cardinal in 2000 and the same amount in the first six months of 2001. This decline was primarily due to declining auto sales of American cars and trucks and the increased presence of Japanese automakers. marketplace forces were driving the American firms to find ways to cut speak to and modernize plants. Cameron used $10 million of its $12 million credit line to re localise back into the firm by modernizing equipment and computer-assisted design and manufacturing systems.However, Cameron did not switch its own design engineering team and relied on specs from the Big Three automakers for its masterducts. This left Alex Cameron with an aflutter feeling that expansion into product design was essential for the long-term survival of the firm. In mid-2001, Cameron took the steps inevitable to design and develop its own parts line. Cameron hired four design engineers and, by 2003, came up with a waxy coupling idea that would entice international buyers and not just the Big Three automakers.Cameron was then faced with the dilemma o f how to market and wander the product. Projected sales of the new product in 2004 were between $35 and $40 million which was terrific but they werent sure they had the capacity to handle the take. They needed to decide if it was better to blow a fusecurrent facilities, buy/ build a new facility, or permission the fabrication of the product to outside companies. While on a vacation trip to Scotland, Alex went to check in on a local customer, McTaggart Supplies, Ltd, who convinced him that the pliable coupling product was in high consider in the U.K. and that to a greater extent production was necessary to keep up with the demand. Alex decided at that meeting that Cameron would altogether freedom the production of the flexible coupling to McTaggart in order to gain a stronger foothold in the U.K. for relatively little up-front investment.1. Should Cameron watch licensed McTaggart or continued to export? Cameron Auto Parts should license to McTaggart in the UK. It was one of Camerons key goals to penetrate outside markets and the licensing agreement with McTaggart would be a agile way to begin executing this transaction dodging. McTaggart was in a superior position to penetrate the U.K. market due to a sizeable cultural understanding and close proximity to potential knobs. Once this business arrangement was proven successful, Cameron Auto Parts would be able to form similar agreements with otherwise companies and expand to other foreign markets. McTaggart is an small licensee, as they are a reputable company in the U.K. with excellent credit, cost saving manufacturing practices, swell market butt againsts, and 130 years of service in the business. They are to a fault assuming most of the financial risk by paying Cameron Auto Parts the startup costs as well as a per centimeage of sales.Embarking on a licensing strategy would also rule in the prohibitive cost of developing and maintaining a sales force in a foreign region that bidly wouldnt discharge as well as a local company like McTaggart since customers had cultural ties and existing human relationships with them. Additionally, orders can be filled to a greater extent quickly as the product would be made locally reducing conveyance costs and travel time. It was also a good closing for administrative and economic distance reasons. Since the product would be produced in the UK, it would not be subjected to excess cost of import duty, freight, insurance, or the value added tax.This would allow for the product to be sold at a more attractive price. Lastly, the value of the dollar fell during the original five year contract and the percentage of sales in pounds produced a higher dollar income for Cameron without changing the price of the products sold. The disadvantages of continuing to export are bolshie ofprofits due to shipping costs, currentness values, taxes and tariffs. The five year contract allows Cameron to evaluate the effectiveness of the licensing strat egy and determine whether this is a profitable menace for the company.2. Was Mc Taggart a good choice for licensee?Yes, McTaggart was a good choice as a licensee. They have all the tools necessary to successfully produce and wander the flexible couplings. McTaggart was already familiar with the product and had bought over U.S. $4,000 in the first four months in 2004. They had been able to sell the product as fast as it could be shipped and built a solid working relationship with Cameron as well as good credit. McTaggart has production experience that Cameron may benefit from and substantial room to increase production capacity. They have a solid reputation with great financial standing, excellent credit, and a capable sales staff to market and sell the product. They have manufacturing capacity and are willing to invest and develop the manufacturing capability to efficiently produce the flexible couplings. In addition, they have established a client base.3. Was the royalty ra te healthy?A royalty rate is the money that must be stipendiary to the owner of products (the licensor) from a buyer (the licensee). The amount of royalty fee is considered the fee for acquiring a discernible or a copyright. In most businesses, a royalty fee applies when two or more companies have licensing agreements or sell the products in foreign countries. i In U.K., the regulation rate of the royalty for licensing is round one and a half(prenominal) cent on each sale. However, Cameron Auto Parts was asking troika per cent of sales from McTaggart. Although it was dropped down to 2 percent with a 5 year contract later negotiations, it is still higher than the normal rate. This seems reasonable as Mc Taggart will save a abundant amount of importation expense and will be able to sell the products at a reduce rate than they can by importing. Cameron will have established an ongoing royalty income without incurring the strike cost of production and sales expense.Cameron Au to Parts asks a higher royalty rate than normal rate because the company helps McTaggart choose equipment and rears training of operationand production. Although McTaggart would like to pay these services separately, Cameron Auto Parts points out the benefits of getting services to keep higher royalty rate. With this five-year agreement, the royalty rate of two per cent is ensured in the first five years, but it will be down to one and a half per cent when the techniques of choosing equipment and operation have been acquired by McTaggart after five years.In conclusion, the royalty rate is reasonable for both parties involved. Cameron Auto Parts was able to enter the U.K. market expeditiously through with(predicate) McTaggarts sales force, cut down on lead-times, save on duties, freight, and insurance and not be subject to currency fluctuations. McTaggart was able to sell a product already in demand, obtain training, focus on increase sales and gain valuable insight into Camerons m anufacturing process. Both companies would benefit from the shared knowledge they could provide each other, thus make the licensing agreement valuable for everyone involved.4. What about the alternatives to licensing?The alternative to licensing would be to continue production and sell directly to McTaggart and other customers. This would involve dedicating a certain amount of production floor lieu to a market that is culturally and geographically distant and unpredictable. There is risk involved as the production space ties up cash flow and is not certain to produce profit. Travel expense would be incurred as company representatives would have to travel often to the U.K. in order to resolve ignores or sell products. The sales side expense would be higher as well.More sales people would have to be employed to serve that region. They would either have to travel often or be base there and paid in pounds, which are currently stronger than the dollar. Instead of receiving a check fro m one contact that represents all sales for the whole area, Cameron would have to maintain relationships with non-homogeneous customers, which requires personalized attention to each and exposes him to having to perform collections and write off bad debt.Since unit production costs were estimated to decline 20% as yearbook sales climbed from $20 million to $100 million and Andy felt that the $20 millionmark was comfortably obtainable in the coming year, the continued value of merchandise to Europe would have grown on with the European market. Looking at the pricing index, we can see that importing to Europe results in a cost of 113 to the importer. Since Cameron Auto Parts sell the flexible couplings at the same price to domestic and foreign distributors, licensing is an effective strategy to penetrate the European market while eliminating import and other logistical costs.Cameron Auto Parts would benefit most from a licensing agreement with McTaggart Supplies Ltd. Other option s exist besides exporting or licensing such as a joint venture / wholly-owned subsidiary, selling through an agent, or selling through a distributor. Benefits to these strategies include reduced manufacturing cost, higher sales volume, and better market penetration and in few cases shared risk. The drawbacks to these methods include loss of price control, unpredictable sales volume, and loss of profits. iiCase UpdateCameron Auto Parts enjoyed rapid growth during the 2004-2005. In 2004, the company undertook a major plant expansion for $10 million, adding 200,000 square feet to the companys production capacity. Royalties from McTaggart during the first year of the licensing agreement were 20,000 this grew to and 100,000 the following year. High boilersuit profitability left Cameron in a strong financial position in 2006.In 2006, Cameron was presented with an probability to purchase a 40 percent interest in Michelard & Cie., a family-owned distributor organization in France, which w ould allow Cameron to break into the continental European countries. Cameron agreed to the deal for $4 million and a royalty of 4 percent on sales of all flexible couplings.The deal enraged McTaggart, who had been selling flexible couplings in Europe and would now be competing with Michelard. Partly to appease McTaggart, Cameron agreed to a proposed joint venture in Australia. McTaggart would own 60 percent of the plant and be responsible for managing the venture.According to McTaggart, local assembly in Australia could triple volume of current sales to around 10 million. An investment of 2 million could make around 400,000 a year after Australian taxes while avoiding tariffs imposed on shipping finished products. This agreement would also position the firms to benefit from Australias free trade agreement with in the raw Zealand. iiiCameron Auto Parts is very likely a pseudonym for Fernco, Inc., a flexible coupling manufacturer based outside of Detroit with a very similar history t o that of Cameron Auto Parts. Fernco, Inc. is lead by Chris cooper who, like Alex Cameron, took over the company from his father after graduating from Michigan business school. In addition to manufacturing facilities in Canada, the U.K., Australia and Germany, Fernco has expanded distribution to the E.U, New Zealand, Mexico, Puerto Rico, and China. ivi Valuation ResourceRoyalty Rates and License Fees. Retrieved June 29, 2011 from http//www.crucial-systems.com/dmbr/Mechanical_Royalties Mechanical Royalties. Time. 05 declination 2004. Retrieved June 29, 2011 from http//www.crucial-systems.com/dmbr/Mechanical_Royalties ii Use These Top Five Strategies for Selling in International Markets. Retrieved July 1, 2011 from iii Beamish, Paul and Crookell, Harold. Cameron Auto Parts (B) Revised. Richard Ivey give lessons of Business. University of Western Ontario. Jan 10, 2006. iv Ferno Company Website. Retrieved July 1, 2011 from .It is best NOT to start with a recommendation. I would fi rst discuss the pros and cons of the issue on handCameron can simply do what it has been doing Exporting. It is important that you should show licensing would be superior to exporting in order to advocate licensingThese are good points. You realize the resources and capabilities of Cameron are limited.That is also a good point but that point supports the exporting option.There are other options as well give voice Venture (JV) and foreign direct investment (FDI) are others to be considered.Take a look at the posted answers, especially, slide 5 where a table lists pros and cons of each option in terms of various resource based factors. I must indicate my preference for such tabular presentations. They are simple, fresh and to the point.All of your points are good. But they are one-sided. I am ALWAYS interested in a balanced analysis detailing not only points that support your perspective but also antipathetic perspective. Please see the posted answers for such a perspectiveThere i s NO precise way of determining the royalty rate. Please see the posted answers for some guidanceNot sure I understand this last point. Cameron is an Exporter. Why would they worry about import costs?Please take a look at the posted slides for this question.Good update.There are 2 things I suggest to purify your analysis 1. Provide a balanced perspective. Nothing in this class is a clear pro or con. Every issue has both pros and cons. Both need to be studied carefully. 2. Incorporate other assigned readings into your analysis to provide evidence of learning. Some of the assigned readings could have easily been cited to support your viewpoint.

Can You Say What Your Strategy Is

www. hbr. org Its a mucky lilliputian secret Most executives can non articulate the accusive, range of mountains, and receipts of their profession in a open arguing. If they cant, incomplete can whatsoeverone else. Can You learn What Your system Is? by David J. Collis and Michael G. Rukstad Reprint R0804E Its a dirty scant(p) secret Most executives can non articulate the aim, scope, and advant days of their pipeline in a simple line. If they cant, neither can eachone else. Can You rate What Your dodge Is? by David J. Collis and Michael G.Rukstad COPYRIGHT 2008 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION. solely RIGHTS RESERVED. Can you summarize your companys scheme in 35 words or little? If so, would your colleagues put it the akin substance? It is our experience that very few executives can honestly dissolve these simple interrogatorys in the af? rmative. And the companies that those executives work for ar often the most conquestful in their horn swogglestancy. One is Edward Jones, a St. Louis base brokerage firm ? rm with which one of us has been subscribe tod for more than 10 years.The fourth-largest brokerage in the United States, Jones has quadrupled its trade share during the past two decades, has consistently outperformed its rivals in terms of ROI with bull and bear markets, and has been a ? xture on Fortunes harken of the top companies to work for. Its a safe regard that just about(predicate) either(prenominal) one of its 37,000 employees could express the companys pithy scheme controversy Jones aims to professional personve to 17,000 ? nancial advisers by 2012 from about 10,000 today by offering trusted and convenient face-to-face ? ancial advice to button-d witness respective(prenominal) investors who delegate their ? nanharvard barter review april 2008 cial decisions, finished a national meshwork of one-? nancial-adviser of? ces. Conversely, companies that dont take a leak a simple and cl ear tilt of dodge are likely to f both into the sorry fellowship of those that have failed to execute their strategy or, worse, those that never withal had one. In an astonishing number of arrangings, executives, frontline employees, and all those in between are frustrated because no clear strategy exists for the company or its lines of business.The kinds of complaints that abound in such ? rms intromit I try for months to get an initiative off the ground, and then it is shut reduce because it doesnt ? t the strategy. Why didnt anyone tell me that at the beginning? I dont sack out whether I should be pursuing this market opportunity. I get mixed signals from the powers that be. Why are we bidding on this clients business again? We lost it last year, and I perspective we agreed then non to waste our clock time chasing the contract foliate 1 Can You learn What Your system Is? David J. Collis (email mastertected du) is an adjunct professionalfessor in the strateg y unit of Harvard personal credit line School in capital of Massachusetts and the author of several books on corporate strategy. He has studied and consulted to Edward Jones, the brokerage that is the main example in this article, and has taught in the firms management- learning program. Michael G. Rukstad was a senior re try fellow at Harvard Business School, where he taught for many years until his untimely death in 2006. Should I cut the price for this customer? I dont know if we would be better off winning the deal at a lower price or just losing the business. Leaders of ? rms are mysti? ed when what they thought was a beauti richly crafted strategy is never implemented. They assume that the initiatives described in the voluminous documentation that emerges from an annual budget or a strategic-planning process lead ensure competitive success. They fail to appreciate the necessity of having a simple, clear, succinct strategy literary argument that everyone can internalize an d use as a guiding deject for devising dif? cult choices. Think of a major business as a mound of 10,000 iron ? lings, to each one one representing an employee. If you scoop up that many ? ings and drop them onto a piece of paper, theyll be pointing in every direction. It leave alone be a big mess 10,000 smart lot working hard and reservation what they count are the right decisions for the companybut with the lettuce emergence of confusion. Engineers in the R&D department are creating a product with must have features for which (as the marketing group could have told them) customers forget non pay the sales force is selling customers on quick turnaround times and customized offerings even though the manufacturing group has just invested in equipment designed for long production puzzle outs and so on. If you pass a magnet over those ? ings, what happens? They line up. Similarly, a well-understood statement of strategy aligns behavior within the business. It allows everyon e in the organization to make individual choices that reinforce one an separate, rendering those 10,000 employees exponentially more powerful. What goes into a good statement of strategy? Michael door guards seminal article What Is Strategy? (HBR NovemberDecember 1996) lays out the characteristics of strategy in a conceptual fashion, conveying the core of strategic choices and distinguishing them from the relentless but competitively fruitless search for mathematical processal ef? iency. However, we have found in our work both with executives and with students that Porters article does non answer the more basic question of how to describe a particular(prenominal) ? rms strategy. It is a dirty little secret that most executives dont actually know what all the elements of a strategy statement are, which makes it impossible for them to develop one. With a clear de? nition, though, two things happen First, formulation becomes in? nitely easier because executives know what they are trying to create.Second, implementation becomes practically simpler because the strategys essence can be right away communicated and easily internalized by everyone in the organization. Elements of a Strategy Statement The late Mike Rukstad, who contributed enormously to this article, identi? ed three critical components of a good strategy statement objective, scope, and advantageand rightly believed that executives should be labored to be crystal clear about them. These elements are a simple yet suf? cient list for any strategy (whether business or military) that addresses competitive interaction over unbounded terrain.Any strategy statement must begin with a de? nition of the ends that the strategy is designed to achieve. If you dont know where you are going, any road give get you there is the appropriate maxim here. If a nation has an unclear esthesis of what it collectks to achieve from a military campaign, how can it have a hope of attaining its goal? The de? nition of t he objective should include not only an end point but as well as a time frame for scope it. A strategy to get U. S. troops out of Iraq at some distant point in the future would be very different from a strategy to bring them home within two years.Since most ? rms compete in a more or less unbounded landscape, it is to a fault critical to de? ne the scope, or domain, of the business the part of the landscape in which the ? rm exit operate. What are the boundaries beyond which it pass on not venture? If you are planning to enter the restaurant business, pull up stakes you provide sit-d consume or quick service? A casual or an upscale atmosphere? What vitrine of food go away you offerFrench or Mexican? What geographic area will you dispensethe Midwest or the East Coast? Alone, these two aspects of strategy are insuf? ient. You could go into business tomorrow with the goal of nice the worlds largest hamburger chain within 10 years. just will anyone invest in your company if y ou have not explained how you are going to reach your objective? Your competitive advantage is the essence of your strategy What harvard business review april 2008 page 2 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? your business will do differently from or better than an another(prenominal)(prenominal)s de? nes the all-important means by which you will achieve your utter objective.That advantage has complementary external and internal components a measure trace that explains why the targeted customer should steal your product above all the alternatives, and a rendering of how internal activities must be aligned so that only your ? rm can deliver that look on proposition. De? ning the objective, scope, and advantage requires trade-offs, which Porter identi? ed as fundamental to strategy. If a ? rm chooses to pursue move upth or size, it must accept that pro? tability will take a adventure seat. If it chooses to serve institutional clients, it may ignore retail customers.If the fos ter proposition is lower prices, the company will not be able to compete on, for example, fashion or ? t. Finally, if the advantage comes from scale economies, the ? rm will not be able to accommodate idiosyncratic customer need. Such trade-offs are what distinguish individual companies strategically. De? ning the nonsubjective The ? rst element of a strategy statement is the one that most companies have in some A Hierarchy of Company Statements Organizational direction comes in several forms. The mission statement is your loftiest guiding lightand your least speci? c.As you work your way down the hierarchy, the statements become more concrete, practical, and crowning(prenominal)ly unique(p). No other company will have the same strategy statement, which de? nes your competitive advantage, or equilibrise scorecard, which tracks how you implement your particular strategy. MISSION Why we exist VALUES What we believe in and how we will behave VISION What we essential to be STRATEG Y What our competitive game plan will be BALANCED SCORECARD How we will monitor and implement that plan The BASIC ELEMENTS of a Strategy Statement OBJECTIVE = Ends SCOPE = vault of heaven ADVANTAGE = Means form or other.Unfortunately, the form is usually wrong. Companies tend to confuse their statement of determine or their mission with their strategic objective. A strategic objective is not, for example, the platitude of maximizing shareholder wealth by exceeding customer expectations for _______ insert product or service here and providing opportunities for our employees to lead ful? lling lives while respecting the environment and the communities in which we operate. Rather, it is the single precise objective that will drive the business over the next ? ve years or so. (See the stage A Hierarchy of Company Statements. ) Many companies do haveand all ? rms should havestatements of their ultimate purpose and the ethical values under which they will operate, but neither of these is the strategic objective. The mission statement spells out the underlying motivation for being in business in the ? rst placethe contribution to family that the ? rm be afters to make. (An insurance company, for example, might de? ne its mission as providing ? nancial security to consumers. ) Such statements, however, are not recyclable as strategic goals to drive todays business decisions. Similarly, it is good and proper that ? ms be clear with employees about ethical values. But principles such as respecting individual differences and sustaining the environment are not strategic. They govern how employees should behave (doing things right) they do not guide what the ? rm should do (the right thing to do). Firms in the same business often have the same mission. (Dont all insurance companies aspire to provide ? nancial security to their customers? ) They may also have the same values. They might even share a vision an indeterminate future goal such as being the recognized lea der in the insurance ? eld. However, it is unlikely that even two companies in the same business will have the same strategic objective. Indeed, if your ? rms strategy can be applied to any other ? rm, you dont have a very good one. It is always easy to claim that maximizing shareholder value is the companys objective. In some sense all strategies are designed to do this. However, the question to ask when creating an actionable strategic statement is, Which objective is most likely to maximise shareholder value over the next several years? harvard business review april 2008 page 3 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? Growth? Achieving a certain market share? Becoming the market leader? ) The strategic objective should be speci? c, measurable, and time bound. It should also be a single goal. It is not suf? cient to say, We seek to grow pro? tably. Which matters moregrowth or pro? tability? A salesperson needs to know the answer when shes deciding how aggressive to be on price. There could well be a armament of subordinate goals that follow from the strategic objective, and these might serve as metrics on a balanced scorecard that monitors progress for which individuals will be held accountable.Yet the ultimate objective that will drive the operation of the business over the next several years should always be clear. The choice of objective has a profound impact on a ? rm. When Boeing shifted its primary goal from being the largest player in the aircraft industry to being the most profitable, it had to restructure the entire organization, from sales to manufacturing. For example, the company dropped its policy of competing with Airbus to the last cent on every deal and abandoned its commitment to maintain a manufacturing capacity that could deliver more than fractional a peak years demand for planes.Another company, after years of seeking to maximize pro? ts at the expense of growth, issued a corporate mandate to arrest at least 10% organic growth per year. The change in strategy forced the ? rm to switch its focus from shrinking to serve only its pro? table core customers and competing on the foundation garment of cost or ef? ciency to differentiating its products, which led to a host of advanced product features and services that appealed to a wider set of customers. At Edward Jones, discussion among the partners about the ? rms objective ignited a passionate exchange.One said, Our ultimate objective has to be maximizing pro? t per partner. Another responded, Not all ? nancial advisers are partnersso if we maximize revenue per partner, we are ignoring the other 30,000-plus people who make the business work Another added, Our ultimate customer is the client. We cannot just worry about partner pro? ts. In fact, we should start by maximizing value for the customer and let the pro? ts ? ow to us from there And so on. This intense debate not only drove alignment with the objective of healthy growth in the number of ? ancial advisers but also ensured that every implication of that choice was fully explored. Setting an am trashious growth target at each point in its 85-year history, Edward Jones has continually increase its scale and market presence. Striving to achieve such growth has increased long-term pro? t per adviser and led the ? rm to its unique con? guration Its only pro? t center is the individual ? nancial adviser. some other activities, even investment banking, serve as fend functions and are not held accountable for generating pro? t. De? ning the screen background A ? ms scope encompasses three dimensions customer or offering, geographic location, and vertical integration. all the way de? ned boundaries in those areas should make it obvious to managers which activities they should concentrate on and, more important, which they should not do. The three dimensions may pull up stakes in relevance. For Edward Jones, the most important is the customer. The ? rm is con? gured to meet the needs of on e very speci? c type of client. Unlike just about every other brokerage in the business, Jones does not de? ne its prototypal customer by net worth or income.Nor does it use demographics, profession, or spending habits. Rather, the de? nition is psychographic The companys customers are long-term investors who have a conservative investment philosophy and are uncomfortable devising serious ? nancial decisions without the support of a trusted adviser. In the terminology of the business, Jones targets the delegator, not the validator or the do-it-yourselfer. The scope of an green light does not prescribe exactly what should be done within the speci? ed bounds. In fact, it encourages experimentation and initiative.But to ensure that the borders are clear to all employees, the scope should specify where the ? rm or business will not go. That will prevent managers from spending long hours on projects that get turned down by higher-ups because they do not ? t the strategy. For example, clarity about who the customer is and who it is not has kept Edward Jones from pursuing day traders. all the same at the height of the internet belch, the company chose not to introduce online trading (it is harvard business review april 2008 page 4 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? till not available to Jones customers). Unlike the many brokerages that commit hundreds of millions of dollars and endless executive hours to debates over whether to introduce online trading (and if so, how to price and position it in a way that did not cannibalize or con? ict with traditional offerings), Jones wasted no money or time on that decision because it had set clear boundaries. Similarly, Jones is not vertically integrated into proprietary mutual funds, so as not to violate the independence of its ? nancial advisers and undermine clients trust. Nor will he company offer penny stocks, shares from IPOs, commodities, or optionsinvestment products that it believes are too risky for the conser vative clients it chooses to serve. And it does not have metropolitan of? ces in business districts, because they would not allow for the convenient, face-to-face interactions in casual settings that the ? rm seeks to provide. Knowing not to extend its scope in these directions has allowed the ? rm to focus on doing what it does well and reap the bene? ts of simplicity, standardization, and deep experience. De? ning the Advantage Wal-Marts Value proposalWal-Marts value proposition can be summed up as everyday low prices for a broad range of goods that are always in stock in convenient geographic locations. It is those aspects of the customer experience that the company overdelivers relative to competitors. Underperformance on other dimensions, such as ambience and sales servicing, is a strategic choice that generates cost savings, which fuel the companys price advantage. If the local mom-and-pop hardware origin has survived, it also has a value proposition convenience, proprietor s who have known you for years, free coffee and doughnuts on Saturday mornings, and so on.Sears falls in the middle on many criteria. As a result, customers lack a circumstances of compelling reasons to shop there, which goes a long way toward explaining why the company is struggling to remain pro? table. Customer purchase criteria* Low prices Selection across categories Rural convenience Reliable prices In-stock merchandise swop quality Suburban convenience Selection within categories Sales help Ambience poor address on criteria * in approximate order of importance to Wal-Marts target customer group kickoff Jan Rivkin, Harvard Business School Mom & pop stores Sears Wal-Mart excellentGiven that a sustainable competitive advantage is the essence of strategy, it should be no surprise that advantage is the most critical aspect of a strategy statement. Clarity about what makes the ? rm characteristic is what most helps employees understand how they can contribute to successful exec ution of its strategy. As mentioned above, the complete de? nition of a ? rms competitive advantage consists of two parts. The ? rst is a statement of the customer value proposition. Any strategy statement that cannot explain why customers should deprave your product or service is ill-fated to failure.A simple graphic that maps your value proposition against those of rivals can be an extremely easy and effectual way of identifying what makes yours distinctive. (See the exhibit Wal-Marts Value Proposition. ) The second part of the statement of advantage captures the unique activities or the complex combination of activities allowing that ? rm alone to deliver the customer value proposition. This is where the strategy statement draws from Porters de? nition of strategy as making consistent choices about the con? guration of the ? rms activities. It is also where the activity-system map that Porter describes in What Is Strategy? comes into play. As the exhibit Edward Joness Activity System Map shows, the brokerages value proposition is to provide convenient, trusted, personal service and advice. What is most distinctive about Jones is that it has only one ? nancial adviser in an of? ce, which allows it to have more of? ces (10,000 nationally) than competitors do. Merrill Lynch has about 15,000 brokers but only 1,000 of? ces. To make it easy for its targeted customers to visit at their convenienceand to provide a relaxed, harvard business review april 2008 page 5 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? ersonable, nonthreatening environment Jones puts its of? ces in strip malls and the retail districts of rural areas and suburbs preferably than high-rise buildings in the central business districts of big cities. These choices alone require Jones to differ radically from other brokerages in the con? guration of its activities. With no branch-of? ce management providing direction or support, each ? nancial adviser must be an entrepreneur who delights in rivulet his o r her own operation. Since such people are an exception in the industry, Jones has to bring all its own ? ancial advisers in from other industries or backgrounds and train them, at great expense. Until 2007, when it switched to an internet-based service, the ? rm had to have its own satellite network to provide its widely dispersed of? ces with real-time quotes and allow them to execute trades. Because the company has 10,000 separate of? ces, its real terra firma and communication costs are about 50% higher than the industry average. However, all those of? ces allow the ? nancial advisers who run them to deliver convenient, trusted, personal service and advice.Other successful players in this industry also have distinctive value propositions Edward Joness Activity-System Map This map illustrates how activities at the brokerage Edward Jones connect to deliver competitive advantage. The ? rms customer value proposition appears near the center of the mapin the customer relationship bu bbleand the supporting activities hang off it. Only the major connections are shown. TARGET CUSTOMER individual conservative delegates decisions PRODUCT blue chips PRICE one-time commission mutual funds HEADQUARTERS St. Louis home of? e for all activities TECHNOLOGY satellite (historically) LOCATION rural suburban strip mall REGIONAL STRUCTURE no regional management COMPENSATION each ? nancial adviser is a pro? t center atomic number 53 FINANCIAL ADVISER PER OFFICE advisers run their own of? ces MARKETING local mailings knocking on doors coronation PHILOSOPHY long-term buy and hold CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP face-to-face convenient trusted ? nancial adviser VALUES & CULTURE volunteerism mentoring BRANCH SUPPORT branch-of? ce assistant OWNERSHIP partnership, not public agent TYPE entrepreneur member of community HIRE & TRAIN hire from outside industry internally train all ? ancial advisers harvard business review april 2008 page 6 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? and unique con? gur ations of activities to support them. Merrill Lynch. During the ? ve-year tenure of former CEO Stan ONeal, who retired in October 2007, Merrill Lynch developed an effective strategy that it called Total Merrill. The companys value proposition to provide for all the ? nancial needs of its high-net-worth customersthose with bland ? nancial assets of more than $250,000 by dint of privacy. While a lot of brokerages cater to people with a high net worth, they focus on asset accumulation before retirement.Merrills view is that as baby boomers age and move from the relatively simple phase of accumulating assets to the much more complex, higher-risk phase of drawing cash from their retirement accounts, their needs change. During this stage, they will want to consolidate their ? nancial assets with a single trusted partner that can help them ? gure out how to optimize income over their remaining years by making the best decisions on everything from annuities to payout ratios to long-term- care insurance. Merrill offers recollective ? nancial plans for The Strategic Sweet SpotThe strategic sweet spot of a company is where it meets customers needs in a way that rivals cant, given the context in which it competes. CONTEXT (technology, industry demographics, regulation, and so on) COMPETITORS offerings CUSTOMERS needs SWEET SPOT COMPANYS capabilities such customers and provides access to a very wide range of sophisticated products based on a Monte Carlo simulation of the probabilities of running out of money check to different annual rates of return on different categories of assets. How does Merrill intend to deliver this value to its chosen customers in a way thats unique among large ? ms? First, it is pushing brokersespecially new onesto become certi? ed ? nancial planners and has raised internal training requirements to put them on that road. The certi? ed ? nancial planner clear is more dif? cult for brokers to obtain than the standard Series 7 license, because it requires candidates to have a college degree and to master nearly 100 integrated ? nancialplanning topics. Second, Merrill offers all forms of insurance, annuities, covered calls, hedge funds, banking services, and so on (unlike Edward Jones, which offers a much more limited menu of investment products).Since several of these products are technically complex, Merrill needs product specialists to support the client-facing broker. This Team Merrill organization poses very different HR and compensation issues from those posed by Edward Joness single-adviser of? ces. Merrills compensation system has to share income among the team members and reward referrals. Wells Fargo. This San Francisco bank competes in the brokerage business as part of its tactic to cross-sell services to its retail banking customers in order to boost pro? t per customer. It aims to sell each customer at least eight different products. ) Wells Fargos objective for its brokerage arm, clearly stated in a recent an nual report, is to triple its share of customers ? nancial assets. The brokerages means for achieving this goal is the parent companys database of 23 million customers, many of them brought into the ? rm through one particular aspect of the banking relationship the mortgage. Wells Fargo differs from Edward Jones and Merrill Lynch in its aim to offer personalized, rather than personal, service. For example, the ? ms IT system allows a bank clerk to know a limited follow of information about a customer (name, birthday, and so on) and appear to be familiar with him or her, which is quite different from the ongoing individual relationships that Jones and Merrill brokers have with their clients. harvard business review april 2008 page 7 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? LPL Financial. Different again is LPL Financial, with of? ces in Boston, San Diego, and Charlotte, North Carolina. LPL sees its brokers (all of whom are independent ? nancial advisers af? liated with the ? rm) rather than consumers as its clients and has con? ured all of its activities to provide individualized solutions and the highest payouts to its brokers. This means that the vast majority of the activities performed by the corporate headquarters staff are services, such as training, that brokers choose and pay for on an a la carte basis. As a result, LPLs headquarters staff is very small (0. 20 people per broker) compared with that of Edward Jones (1. 45 people per broker). Low overhead allows LPL to offer a higher payout to brokers than Jones and Merrill do, which is its distinctive value proposition to its chosen customer the broker.By now it should be apparent how a careful description of the unique activities a ? rm performs to generate a distinctive customer value proposition effectively captures its strategy. A relatively simple description in a strategy statement provides an incisive characterization that could not belong to any other ? rm. This is the goal. When that statement has been internalized by all employees, they can easily understand how their daily activities contribute to the overall success of the ? rm and how to correctly make the dif? cult choices they confront in their jobs. Developing a Strategy StatementHow, then, should a ? rm go about crafting its strategy statement? Obviously, the ? rst step is to create a great strategy, which requires careful military rank of the industry landscape. Leaving No get on for Misinterpretation Executives at Edward Jones have developed a fine understanding of every element of the ? rms strategy. Here is an example. conservative Our investment philosophy is long-term buy and hold. We do not sell penny stocks, commodities, or other high-risk instruments. As a result we do not serve day traders and see no need to offer online trading.We charge commissions on trades because this is the cheapest way to buy stocks (compared with a wrap fee, which charges annually as a percentage of assets) when the average aloof ness of time the investor holds the stock or mutual fund is over 10 years. individual We do not advise institutions or companies. We do not segment according to wealth, age, or other demographics. The company will serve all customers that ? t its conservative investment philosophy. Brokers will call on any and every potential customer. Stories abound within Jones of millionaires who live in trailerspeople all the other brokerages would never think of approaching. investors Our basic service is investment. We do not seek to offer services such as checking accounts for their own sake, but only as part of the management of a clients assets. who delegate their ? nancial decisions We do not target self-directed do-it-yourselfers, who are comfortable making their own investment decisions. We are also unlikely to serve validators, who are merely looking for reassurance that their decisions are correct. Edward Joness Strategy Statement To grow to 17,000 ? nancial advisers by 2012 by offerin g trusted and convenient face-to-face ? ancial advice to conservative individual investors who delegate their ? nancial decisions, through a national network of one-? nancialadviser of? ces. harvard business review april 2008 page 8 Can You Say What Your Strategy Is? This includes developing a detailed understanding of customer needs, segmenting customers, and then identifying unique ways of creating value for the ones the ? rm chooses to serve. It also calls for an analysis of competitors current strategies and a prediction of how they might change in the future. The process must involve a rigorous, objective assessment of the ? ms capabilities and resources and those of competitors, as described in Competing on Resources Strategy in the 1990s, by David J. Collis and Cynthia A. Montgomery (HBR JulyAugust 1995)not just a feel-good exercise of identifying core competencies. The fictive part of developing strategy is ? nding the sweet spot that aligns the ? rms capabilities with cus tomer needs in a way that competitors cannot match given the changing external contextfactors such as technology, industry demographics, and regulation. (See the exhibit The Strategic Sweet Spot. ) We have found that one of the best ways to do this is to develop two or three plausible but very different strategic options. For example, ? eshing out two dramatically different alternativesbecoming a cheap Red Lobster or a ? sh McDonaldshelped executives at the considerable John Silvers chain of restaurants understand the strategic choices that they had to make. They had been trying to do a bit of everything, and this exercise showed them that their initiativessuch as offering early-evening table service and expanding drive-through servicewere strategically inconsistent. Competing on the basis of table service requires bigger restaurants and more employees, while drive-through service requires high-traf? c locations and smaller footprints. ) As a result, they chose to be a ? sh McDonal ds, building smaller restaurants with drive-through service in hightraf? c locations. The process of developing the strategy and then crafting the statement that captures its essence in a readily communicable manner should involve employees in all parts of the company and at all levels of the hierarchy.The wording of the strategy statement should be worked through in painstaking detail. In fact, that can be the most powerful part of the strategy development process. It is usually in heated discussions over the choice of a single word that a strategy is crystallized and executives truly understand what it will involve. The end result should be a brief statement that re? ects the three elements of an effective strategy. It should be accompanied by detailed annotations that elucidate the strategys nuances (to preempt any possible mis adaptation) and spell out its implications. See the exhibit Leaving No Room for Misinterpretation. ) When the strategy statement is circulated throughout the company, the value proposition chart and activity-system map should be attached. They serve as simple reminders of the twin aspects of competitive advantage that underpin the strategy. Cascading the statement throughout the organization, so that each level of management will be the teacher for the level below, becomes the starting point for incorporating strategy into everyones behavior. The strategy will really have traction only when executives can be con? ent that the actions of empowered frontline employees will be guided by the same principles that they themselves follow. The value of rhetoric should not be underestimated. A 35-word statement can have a substantial impact on a companys success. linguistic communication do lead to action. Spending the time to develop the few words that truly capture your strategy and that will energize and empower your people will raise the long-term ? nancial performance of your organization. Reprint R0804E To order, see the next page or call 800-988-0886 or 617-783-7500 or go to www. br. org harvard business review april 2008 page 9 Further Reading The Harvard Business Review Paperback Series Here are the marches ideasboth contemporary and classicthat have established Harvard Business Review as required reading for businesspeople around the globe. Each paperback includes eight of the leading articles on a particular business topic. The series includes over thirty titles, including the following best-sellers Harvard Business Review on Brand Management convergence no. 1445 Harvard Business Review on Change Product no. 842 Harvard Business Review on Leadership Product no. 8834 Harvard Business Review on Managing People Product no. 9075 Harvard Business Review on Measuring Corporate Performance Product no. 8826 For a complete list of the Harvard Business Review paperback series, go to www. hbr. org. To Order For Harvard Business Review reprints and subscriptions, call 800-988-0886 or 617-783-7500. Go to www. hbr. or g For customized and quantity orders of Harvard Business Review article reprints, call 617-783-7626, or e-mail emailprotected harvard. edu page 10